James Pugh Kirkwood

James Pugh Kirkwood was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 27 March 1807. He trained as a land surveyor and in 1832 emigrated to the United States where he obtained work as a civil engineer. During the 1830s, he worked for the Norwich & Worcester Rail Road, the Boston & Providence Rail Road, and the Stonington & Providence Rail Road. He later worked on other railroad and waterworks projects, including the Croton aqueduct. He died in Brooklyn, New York on 22 April 1877.