Hmong New Year, 2001
SubjectPortrait of
Yee Xiong
(Hmong)
SubjectPortrait of
Peter Xiong
SubjectPortrait of
Boua Tong Xiong
(Hmong)
SubjectPortrait of
Cha Lor
(Hmong)
SubjectPortrait of
Chia Thao
(Hmong)
SubjectPortrait of
Chia Chong Lor
(Hmong)
SubjectPortrait of
Mrs. Xia Phia Lo
(Hmong)
Date2001 November
Mediumborn digital photography
ClassificationsGraphics
Credit LineConnecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program collections
CopyrightIn Copyright
Object number2015.196.436.1-.14
Description2015.196.436.1: Image of women and children wearing traditional dress.
2015.196.436.2: Image of Vang Xiong (left) and her son Peter Xiong (right) wearing traditional dress that Vang Xiong made at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.3: Hmong cultural leaders wearing traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration. Pictured left to right are: Chia Thao, Cha Lor, and the Kang family from Rhode Island.
2015.196.436.4: Image of a woman and children from the Tou Yang family wearing traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year.
2015.196.436.5: Image of young women in traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year.
2015.196.436.6: Image of an older Hmong woman, Chia Chong Lor, with a younger woman, Mrs. Xia Phia Lo, in Miao traditional dress at the the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.7-.8: Images of Hmong dancers performing at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.9-.12: Images of young men in traditional dress playing the qeej during the Culture Show at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.13-.14: Images of Hmong men in traditional dress playing pov pob, a ball tossing game of courtship at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration. Cha Lor (left) and Boua Tong Xiong (center) are pictured.
NotesSubject Note: CCHAP documented Hmong New Year many times, as part of fieldwork with this community. In November 2001, the event was held at the Elks Club in Enfield, Connecticut.2015.196.436.2: Image of Vang Xiong (left) and her son Peter Xiong (right) wearing traditional dress that Vang Xiong made at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.3: Hmong cultural leaders wearing traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration. Pictured left to right are: Chia Thao, Cha Lor, and the Kang family from Rhode Island.
2015.196.436.4: Image of a woman and children from the Tou Yang family wearing traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year.
2015.196.436.5: Image of young women in traditional dress at the 2001 Hmong New Year.
2015.196.436.6: Image of an older Hmong woman, Chia Chong Lor, with a younger woman, Mrs. Xia Phia Lo, in Miao traditional dress at the the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.7-.8: Images of Hmong dancers performing at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.9-.12: Images of young men in traditional dress playing the qeej during the Culture Show at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration.
2015.196.436.13-.14: Images of Hmong men in traditional dress playing pov pob, a ball tossing game of courtship at the 2001 Hmong New Year celebration. Cha Lor (left) and Boua Tong Xiong (center) are pictured.
Subject Note: The Hmong community in Connecticut, around 300 in number, is based mostly in the Enfield and Manchester areas. They work in factories and service occupations, as well as skilled manufacturing, often in aerospace industries. The Hmong came to the United States as refugees from the Indochina wars in the 1970s after the Communist takeover of Laos, sponsored by the American government because many Hmong assisted the military and the CIA. At that time the Hmong were persecuted in Laos, and this still continues today with considerable fighting going on. The Hmong are a tribal group originally from Mongolia who migrated to Laos where many still live today. There are also Hmong communities in northern Burma, Vietnam, Thailand, and China (where they are called Miao).
Connecticut Hmong people are both traditional and contemporary. Older women used to make the gorgeous applique and embroidery work known as paj ndau, and they still create traditional costumes for women and men, albeit with modern shortcuts (traditional dyeing techniques are replaced by printed cloth, for instance). Men who are traditional community leaders, such as Boua Tong Xiong, still perform wedding and funeral rituals, as well as conflict resolution according to time-honored practices. Hmong traditions practiced in Connecticut include embroidery and story cloths, funeral and wedding songs, music on the bamboo instrument qeej, ballads and courtship songs kwv ntxhiaj, and social dancing. Hmong leaders started the Hmong Foundation of Connecticut as a way to keep the community together and continue to provide many kinds of needed assistance. The Foundation, which is led by a Board of Directors, is open to all Hmong living in the state. Members provide services such as translation, transportation, family relocation to Connecticut, assistance with finding jobs and access to health care, Hmong language classes, and traditional Hmong advising and dispute resolution. The Hmong Foundation of Connecticut became a separate organization in 1996 after the Connecticut Federation of Refugee Assistance Agencies, an umbrella service group, disbanded. The group sponsors Hmong New Year in November and a celebration for Hmong high school graduates in June.
The Hmong have a number of sub-cultural groups; one of the distinguishing characteristics of the Blue Hmong is their custom of batiking cloth with blue indigo. One specific kind of textile that the Hmong have become known for are the “story cloths”. These are a comparatively new genre first made in the Thai refugee camps around 1975. In these embroidered pieces, direct figurative references are made to folk tales, myths, personal family stories, and scenes of village life. These story cloths also depict the turbulence and hardships of the war years in Southeast Asia. Hmong textile works also include many references to the natural world, to the plants and animals, which are native to the hills of Laos. (Winifred Lambrecht, Ph.D (CCHAP project partner); July 2006)
Subject Note: Hmong New Year, Nyob Zoo Xyoo Tshiab, is the Hmong community’s most important annual festival. The New Year festival, always held late in the year, includes the ball toss, a game between young people that is a courtship ritual; a fashion show of different tribal costumes; a cultural presentation of dance and song; and a community-prepared feast with traditional foods. The spiritual connotation of the festival is for thanksgiving and new beginnings, and to honor ancestors. Hmong participants wear traditional dress, make speeches, and sing songs appropriate to the celebration. New Year also serves as a reminder and practice of traditions, as well as a gathering of cultural and social leaders.
Subject Note: The Hmong Foundation of Connecticut became a separate organization in 1996 after the Connecticut Federation of Refugee Assistance Agencies, an umbrella service group, disbanded. Hmong leaders started the Foundation as a way to keep the community together and continue to provide many kinds of needed assistance. The Foundation, which is led by a Board of Directors, is open to all Hmong living in the state. Members provide services such as translation, transportation, family relocation to Connecticut, assistance with finding jobs and access to health care, Hmong language classes, and traditional Hmong advising and dispute resolution. All activities and services are on a volunteer basis with a small budget based on dues from members of the community. Cultural leader Boua Tong Xiong is a past president, as are Cha Lor, Heu Lee, and Shawn Moua. The group sponsors a Hmong New Year celebration in November and a celebration for Hmong high school graduates in June. The Foundation has received its non-profit status and developed by-laws. In the early and mid 2000s, the Hmong Foundation organized students from the community’s families to participate in language and culture classes as part of a Southeast Asian After-School Project that CCHAP developed in partnership with several communities with NEA funding. The Hmong Foundation provided teachers for the classes, presented the students’ work, and participated in project meeting with other partners. As part of this project, Hmong comedian/educator/activist from Minneapolis Tou Ger Xiong visited the community’s classes. The Foundation continues to serve Connecticut Hmong.
Biographical Note: Boua Tong Xiong (Blue Hmong) came to Connecticut in 1979, after fleeing from northern Laos with his family to Thailand, as so many Hmong had to do after the Communist takeover of Laos. Tong played an important role during the Vietnam War by assisting the U.S. government as part of the Special Guerilla Forces fighting in Laos. Because they were farmers in Laos, many Hmong chose to live in Enfield, a small town north of Hartford rather than settling in a larger urban area. The Hmong community consider Tong to be an important culture bearer, and many of his extended family members followed to live near him in Connecticut. Hmong communities throughout New England ask Boua Tong Xiong to preside over funerals and weddings, because of his experience, his beautiful voice, and his knowledge of the ritual songs, a necessary skill within this very traditional community. He also serves as a counselor to the community, helping to resolve disputes and lead diplomatic outreach to other Hmong families and communities especially in Fitchburg, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island. Because the men who understand the complete rituals (which take days) are so few, Boua Tong is committed to passing on his knowledge, teaching young men to play the ritual bamboo instrument qeej and sing the wedding and funeral songs. He has participated in CCHAP’s Southern New England Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program for several years. In the early 2000s, he held regular weekend classes attended by between twelve and sixteen young men, either in his house (wedding songs) or in a nearby park - because the funeral rituals are traditionally performed outside. He also knows the joking and courtship songs sung by men and women. Tong regularly visits relatives in larger Hmong communities in California and Minnesota to refresh his knowledge of the rituals and songs. He worked with other veterans including Maj. Sar Phouthasack to establish a memorial in Middletown dedicated to Special Guerilla Unit veterans (including several Connecticut Hmong) who fought for and supported the United States in the Vietnam War. As a result of their efforts to pass the Hmong Veterans Service Recognition Act in Congress in 2018, Lao and Hmong veterans are now entitled to a military burial in Connecticut.
Biographical Note: Yee Xiong was a Hmong embroidery artist of great skill who lived in Tariffville, Connecticut with her family. She was the sister of Boua Tong Xiong. After 2000 she moved to California with some of her family. Contemporary Hmong decorative textiles (or “paj ndau”) include two major forms: applique and stitchery. The applique includes double applique and reverse applique; the stitchery is also of a variety of forms: cross-stitching and embroidery add texture and dimension to most pieces. Some of her embroideries are in the CHS collection, collected by Lynne Williamson.
Biographical Note: Peter Xiong participated in the Southern New England Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program as an apprentice to teaching artist Pa Koua Vang of Providence, Rhode Island, who taught Peter elements of the Hmong wedding ritual. After learning with Pa Koua Vang, Peter was able to lead the ceremony for his cousin’s wedding in Connecticut in 2000.
Additional materials exist in the CCHAP archive for this community and these artists.
Cataloging Note: This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services MA-245929-OMS-20.
Status
Not on view
