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Connecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program collection, 2015.196.365.1, Connecticut Historical S ...
Cape Verdean Chapel Reconstructon Activities, Norwich
Connecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program collection, 2015.196.365.1, Connecticut Historical Society, Copyright Held By Roberta Vincent

Cape Verdean Chapel Reconstructon Activities, Norwich

Subject
Subject
Subject
Subject
Subject
Subject (Cape Verdean)
Photographer (Cape Verdean)
Date2005 October - November
Mediumphotographs
ClassificationsGraphics
Credit LineConnecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program collections
CopyrightCopyright Held By Roberta Vincent
Object number2015.196.365.1-.14
DescriptionPhotographs of various Cape Verdean events in Norwich in 2005. Photos taken by Roberta Delgado Vincent.

2015.196.365.1: Image showing Cape Verdean General Consul Maria de Jesus Mascarenhas; President of the Cape Verdean Santiago Society, Belmiro Rodrigues; and Cape Verdean Ambassador Jose Brito sitting side-by-side at a table near a podium, 30 October 2005, at a celebration of the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel held at the American Legion in Norwich.

2015.196.365.2: Image showing Cape Verdean Ambassador Jose Brito speaking at podium to room of people, 30 October 2005, at a celebration of the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel, held at the American Legion in Norwich.

2015.196.365.3: Image showing people dancing at the celebration of the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel, 30 October 2005 held at the American Legion in Norwich.

2015.196.365.4: Image showing performance by “Estrellas,” a Cape Verdean dance group from Norwich, 30 October 2005, at a celebration of the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel held at the American Legion in Norwich.


2015.196.365.5-.14: Images showing the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel on the grounds of St. Mary's Church in Norwich, October-November 2005.

2015.196.365.5: Image showing Cape Verdean community member Gloria Ballaro holding her picture of St. Anthony, 6 November 2005.

2015.196.365.6: Image showing two women - an inscription reads “Sister Doreen (Szpyrka)/Mother Mary (Santos Delgado),” 12 November 2005.

2015.196.365.7: Image showing Mary Delgado and others sitting at picnic table with food offered to workers during the chapel reconstruction, 12 November 2005.

2015.196.365.8: Image showing front of chapel being reconstructed, with a photo of the original chapel, taped to plywood where the new front door will be, 30 October 2005.

2015.196.365.9: Image showing front and side view of chapel being reconstructed, along with benches and yard, 30 October 2005.

2015.196.365.10: Image showing people working on the reconstruction of the chapel, 5 November 2005.

2015.196.365.11: Image showing the inside of the chapel being reconstructed, frame still visible, 12 November 2005.

2015.196.365.12: Image showing addition of siding on exterior as chapel is being reconstructed, 12 November 2005.

2015.196.365.13: Image of painted chapel with Freddie Gonsalves working on the roof; inscription on the photo reads “Freddie on roof,” 19 November 2005.

2015.196.365.14: Image showing Freddie Gonsalves and another Cape Verdean worker installing roofing shingles on chapel, 19 November 2005.
NotesSubject Note for Norwich Cape Verdean Community: The Cape Verdean Santiago Society Inc., a Norwich-based social and cultural organization incorporated on June 6, 1939, was housed in a building at 84 Talman Street in the heart of the Norwich Cape Verdean community. Norwich today is home to more than 1,500 Cape Verdeans, descendants of immigrants from the Cape Verde Islands off the west coast of Africa as well as newcomers from the islands. The population continues to grow as Cape Verdean-Americans save money to bring their families from the islands in order to provide a prosperous life for them in America. Many older Cape Verdeans and the new arrivals speak the language Krioulu, a blend of African and Portuguese dialects. Norwich Free Academy has several Cape Verdean students attending.

Retired whalers, stone masons, and builders from the islands of Fogo, Brava, and Sao Nicolau settled in Norwich in the late 19th and early 20th century. Census records show that many of these immigrants lived in neighborhoods close to the Norwich harbor and were employed as coal shovelers for railroad and steamship companies as well as continuing their original occupations.

The main Cape Verdean neighborhood in Norwich developed on the hilly east side, along Talman Street, anchored by the social club, and continued through the Laurel Hill area to Sunnyside Avenue. The close-knit community maintained traditional ties of kinship and reciprocity. The Santiago Society long served as a focal point for the community, offering social and economic assistance. Named after the island of Santiago, whose city Praia is the capital of Cape Verde, the Norwich Society developed out of the local branch of a mutual aid association in Providence. In 1939, the Santiago Society established the social club on Talman Street and organized activities every weekend, providing a place of contact where new arrivals could mix with other Cape Verdeans, giving them a sense of belonging to a community and helping to ease their homesickness. The social club also hosted wedding receptions, baby showers, fund raising events, and other celebrations. Members would engage in the traditional games of bisca and ouril and share stories. A deeply religious group, Cape Verdeans often held traditional wakes at the Club. Women would chant the choroguiza, crying and talking about the deceased in communal mourning. Afterwards members distributed food to the bereaved family. Generations of Norwich Cape Verdeans made the Club the heart of their community, but unfortunately the Club burned down on January 23, 2007, and has disbanded.

Cape Verdeans everywhere have a gift for music, and in Norwich there have been two popular bands playing Cape Verdean and American styles of music: the Santos Brothers Band and the Delgado band. Descendants of these families still live in the area today. Two Cape Verdean families in Norwich produced popular bands. The Santos Brothers - Abel, Matthew, Antonio Sr., and José, along with their sister Lena on vocals - played Cape Verdean dance music on the radio in Norwich in 1947 and at clubs and dances all over New England until the mid-1970s. When their parents hosted kitchen dances, the brothers watched the grownups to learn how to play the viola, mandolin, and guitar. They have passed their musical ability onto the next generation - Antonio Sr. has formed a band, The Santos Family Band, with son Antonio Jr. and daughters Wendy, Leona, and Lisa. They were inspired by the Delgados, a well-known quartet (later a sextet) who played Krioulo music together as boys starting in the late 1920s. (Some members of the Delgado family spell the name differently). Later with their sister Mary as singer, the group performed jazz, ragtime, and popular tunes at speakeasies and clubs, appearing with Cab Calloway and Louis Armstrong, among other jazz greats.

Several Cape Verdean leaders have visited Norwich: General Consul Maria de Jesus Mascarenhas and Cape Verde Ambassador José Brito attended a celebration of the reconstruction of St. Anthony's Chapel held at the American Legion in Norwich on October 30, 2005. Cape Verde Prime Minister José Maria Pereira Neves and his delegation visited Norwich in 2007; a special reception in his honor was held by the community.

Starting in 2021, a team of Norwich Cape Verdeans and researchers have conducted a project with historian Rachel Carley to compile a detailed community history to research, document, and make accessible the rich history of Cape Verdeans who have settled in the Norwich area and who continue to be an important part of the community today. This project will also highlight the built environment that helped to shape Cape Verdean life in Norwich. For many members of ethnic communities, their traditions have deep roots in history and culture, and are an important source of cultural identity and knowledge. Former Santiago Society Board member Alfred H. Gonsalves states, “If our history is not documented, it will be lost forever. One of our main project activities will be to interview older Cape Verdeans who have a wonderful store of memories and knowledge, so that we can gather this information and pass it on to our young people.”


Subject Note for St. Anthony's Chapel: A Capela do Santo Antonio, St. Anthony’s Chapel on Talman Street was built by Joseph C. Delgado in his backyard as a result of a dream. The Chapel was baptized July 4, 1926. Joseph Delgado worshipped there every day, and the Chapel was open to all who wanted to pray, regardless of what day it was. Many Cape Verdeans made pilgrimages there from far away, and the family held weddings there for two of Joseph Delgado’s granddaughters who were married by a justice of the peace. In 1977, the Santiago Society of Norwich, led by Roberta Delgado Vincent, a granddaughter of the chapel’s founder Joseph Delgado, restored the church, which was rededicated by the Bishop of Norwich. The original Chapel, a symbol of pride to the Cape Verdean immigrants who settled in Norwich, was razed on October 29, 2004, by new owners of the property. The unfortunate circumstances of the Chapel’s deconstruction led to careful and intense salvage, planning, negotiation, and fundraising for reconstruction. The dedicated group of Cape Verdeans who united to take on these tasks forged sensible alliances with the Norwich Historical Society and the city. Since then, Roberta has spearheaded the successful campaign for the preservation and reconstruction of the Delgado Family Chapel, resulting in its placement on the State Register of Historic Places on August 6, 2003, and its dedication and blessing on April 9, 2006.

Roberta’s efforts led to the chapel being rebuilt on the grounds of St. Mary’s Church in Norwich. Her goals have been to preserve and promote the history of St. Anthony's Chapel, protect its structure and restore the Chapel's artifacts, and to relocate St. Anthony's Chapel in order to provide better access to all Cape Verdeans, Norwich residents and tourists. She also aims to foster understanding of the Chapel as a symbol of the arrival, establishment, and settlement of Cape Verdeans in the City of Norwich through education and cultural awareness. Her work also pays homage to the memory and legacy of Joseph C. Delgado, who first envisioned the Chapel in a dream and built it according to the picture which was presented to him at that time. Roberta raises funds for the Chapel preservation projects through activities such as the creation of the St. Anthony's Chapel Custom Ornament.

The Chapel and the community history it enshrines speaks volumes about Cape Verdean immigration, traditions, and enduring sense of place. Relatively few historical structures built by African Americans remain on the Connecticut landscape today, and fewer still represent a close-knit community’s values and spiritual practices the way the Chapel does. Using the story of the Chapel as a theme, one could narrate a Cape Verdean chronicle covering movement to America through whaling, settlement in Norwich for industrial jobs, social and ethnic difficulties of assimilation, continuing immigration from the islands because of economic hardship there, maintenance of cultural traditions and language in diaspora, and Cape Verdean contributions to American society that continue today.

While St. Anthony is a great favorite of the Italian people, he was actually from Portugal and is a patron saint for the people of Cape Verde. The Cape Verdean community celebrates this feast of the Chapel’s patron saint annually in early June with a Mass and a lunch in honor of St. Anthony at St. Mary Church where the restored Chapel is situated. The Cape Verdean choir from St. Patrick’s Church in Roxbury, Massachusetts attends to sing and play music. After Mass there is a rededication of St. Anthony Chapel as well as food, fellowship, and music. St. Anthony Bread, a bread of thanksgiving for blessings received through the prayers of St. Anthony, is distributed.


Biographical Note: Alfred (Freddie) Gonsalves, José Santos, and Belmiro (Junie) Rodrigues, Cape Verdean stonemasons, are members of three Cape Verdean families that have worked in this occupation for several generations in the Norwich area. They learned from their fathers in the course of working on masonry since their teens and have built successful businesses in southeastern Connecticut while serving important roles in the Cape Verdean community, most notably as president and past president of the Santiago Society, an active Cape Verdean cultural organization. Freddie designed and oversaw the reconstruction of St. Anthony’s Chapel, rescuing and re-siting this historic Norwich Cape Verdean landmark when it was threatened with demolition in 2004. Freddie won a Connecticut Historic Preservation award for this work in 2008, and has also received a Cape Verdean Hall of Fame award. Belmiro assisted the Cape Verdean youth dance group Estrellas directed by Angelina Santos, when they apprenticed to musician Joao Monteiro in 2005 under the Southern New England Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program. José Santos and his brothers were members of the popular Cape Verdean music group The Santos Brothers.


Biographical Note: The Cape Verdean dance group Estrellas was formed in Norwich around 2004 from a previous group that would dance once a year at the Santiago Society/Cape Verdean Club Scholarship Dinner. Young people from this early group along with teens from the Youth Group of the Santiago Society/Cape Verdean Club wanted to learn traditional dances and add some of their own steps as well. The group learned dances from other Cape Verdeans, from videos, and they added their own choreography. The older teens knew the traditional dances and taught these steps to the younger ones. Estrellas performed at Family Day every summer in Norwich, at Cape Verdean Independence Day in New Bedford, Massachusetts, at the St. Anthony Chapel dedication in Norwich, at schools and at the Cape Verdean Club in Norwich. Angelina Santos Gardner organized the practices and performances, with her sister and niece helping out and chaperoning. Angelina was involved with the Youth Group from the Cape Verdean Club/Santiago Society, with the dance group, and with the Cape Verdean and Haitian youth group from Norwich Free Academy. The large Cape Verdean youth population in Norwich was eager to educate others about their heritage, especially through the dance performances. They joined with Cape Verdean musicians Pilon Batuku and dancer Maria Rodrigues from New Bedford to learn dance forms batuku, koladeira, funaná, and tchabeta under the Southern New England Traditional Arts Program in Year 9, 2006-2007. Their learning experience culminated in a performance for the visiting Prime Minister of Cape Verde in September 2007.


Subject Note: Connecticut has the third largest Cape Verdean population in the United States (after Rhode Island and Massachusetts), with active and growing communities in Bridgeport, Waterbury, and Norwich. Starting in 1996, the Connecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program of the Institute for Community Research (and now at the Connecticut Historical Society) participated in a statewide public history project with one of the state's most interesting but little-known ethnic groups. The Cape Verdean presence in New England dates to the 18th century, and new immigrants from Cape Verde continue to arrive. However, libraries, even in cities with a sizeable Cape Verdean presence, hold little information about the history and culture of this group generally, and virtually nothing about Connecticut's estimated 5,000 Cape Verdeans. Yet the cultural traditions of Cape Verdean-Americans remain strong, deeply felt, and regularly practiced. From their early presence as whalers on New England schooners to the burgeoning popularity of their distinctive music both globally and locally, Cape Verdeans have contributed much to the character, the labor force, and the culture of southern New England.

In 1996, CCHAP began a three-year project to document Cape Verdean musicians and tradition bearers across the state, especially in Waterbury, Bridgeport/Stratford, and Norwich. Together with community scholar Antonia Sequeira, CCHAP conducted analog tape interviews; videotaped performances; photographed festivals and community activities; and collected copies of rare books of songs, CDs and tapes, historical photographs, and research materials. In several cases the documentation preserves records or images of people and places that no longer exist. This work resulted in a publication called "Connecticut Cape Verdeans: A Community History" that was distributed to every public library in the state and given to as many Cape Verdeans as possible in the region. On July 17, 1999, the Waterbury Cape Verdean Social Club hosted a concert featuring musicians interviewed during the project, and a panel discussion was held at the Bridgeport Public Library. The materials collected by Antonia and the project team became a valuable archive of Cape Verdean life in Connecticut - information that had never been collected and made available to the public before.

CCHAP continues to expand the collection through ongoing work with this community, most recently assisting and documenting the historic preservation of St. Anthony’s Chapel and local stonemasons in Norwich. Cape Verdean musicians involved in the Southern New England Traditional Arts Apprenticeship Program have also been recorded for the archive. These and other materials comprise a unique collection within the CCHAP archive. Very little available information exists in print on Connecticut Cape Verdeans, while community scholars actively collect family histories and host regular music events. Original interview recordings and copies of materials gathered are now part of the CCHAP archive at the Connecticut Historical Society. Some materials were also copied and donated to the Cape Verdean Women’s Club in Bridgeport.

Building on the earlier oral history work conducted by community scholar Antonia Sequeira, CCHAP collaborated with her and a number of Cape Verdeans to develop "Cape Verdeans in Connecticut: A Community History Project." In conversations with community members of all ages CCHAP heard time and time again of the importance of music to Cape Verdeans. More than entertainment, Cape Verdean music provides both a focus of ethnic uniqueness and a historical record of events, memories, and the movement of people. Music also serves to link Cape Verdeans in diaspora with loved ones back home and across the world. Music, situated at the heart of Cape Verdean cultural expression, became the project's entry point into an examination of tradition, growth, and change in the Connecticut community. The goal of the project was to collect video- and audio-taped interviews with musicians and other tradition bearers, along with their family photographs and other memorabilia, in order to gain an insight into the patterns of social change and cultural life in this community in Connecticut. The primary resource material gathered through the project is now archived at the Connecticut Historical Society.

The inspiration for this project began when Antonia Sequeira of the Cape Verdean Women’s Social Club of Bridgeport, along with her friend and colleague, videographer Joan Neves, participated in the Inner City Cultural Development Program organized by the Institute for Community Research and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts. A grant from that program enabled Joan to travel to Washington, DC in 1995 for the Smithsonian Folklife Festival which that year featured Cape Verdean culture. Inspired by that experience, Joan and Antonia began to plan for a long-term project to document local Cape Verdeans and the community’s history in Connecticut. They found a partner in Lynne Williamson, then Director of the Connecticut Cultural Heritage Arts Program, the statewide folk and traditional arts program at the Institute for Community Research. Together the team obtained grants from the Connecticut Humanities Council, the Connecticut Commission on the Arts, and the Lila Wallace Readers Digest Fund Community Folklife Program. For three years Antonia, Joan, and Lynne conducted taped interviews with Cape Verdean musicians and tradition bearers across the state, also documenting Cape Verdean neighborhoods, festivals, and activities.

Antonia Sequeira and Lynne Williamson served as project co-directors. The full project team included Joan Neves as videographer, Koren Paul who transcribed the interview tapes, anthropologist Laura Pires-Hester, Pelagio Silva as concert organizer and emcee, and video producer Pedro Cardoso. Jo Blatti and Susan Hurley-Glowa contributed essays to the project book. Other Cape Verdean resource people included Jorge Job, John deBrito, Raquel Figueiredo, Elaine Santos Kain, José Conceiçao, Carlos da Graça, Johnny Andrade, Romeo Moore, Mary Anne Monteiro, Maria Lalache Spencer, Luca Cardozo, Marge Santos, Duducha, Mary Santos Sullivan, Claudia Silva, Anna Stanley, Anna Soares, Gertrude Duarte, Phyllis Williams, Roberta Delgado Vincent, Freddie Gonsalves, Philip Marceline, Antonio Sr., Abel, José and Matthew Santos, as well as Joao Cerilo Monteiro, Ray Almeida, and Ron Barboza.

The project was supported by the Lila Wallace Readers Digest Fund Community Folklife Program through the Fund for Folk Culture; the Connecticut Humanities Council; the Institute for Community Research; the National Endowment for the Arts; and the Connecticut Commission on the Arts.

Cape Verdean traditional culture inevitably changed with the mass migration of people from the islands to America. Transplanted practices have themselves evolved in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as the second and third generations are born and grow up in a vastly different society. Many in Cape Verdean communities in Connecticut adhere to traditions which although altered in some ways, maintain both the flavor and meaning of their origins. The constant influx of new Cape Verdeans from the islands freshens familiarity with older customs while bringing forward cultural expressions which before 1975 were forbidden under Portuguese colonial rule.

Many Connecticut Cape Verdeans and community organizations remain actively involved in sustaining heritage through regular educational and cultural activities. Wherever they settled, Cape Verdeans formed clubs and associations, a direct maintenance of the island tradition of tabanka. These mutual aid societies in Cape Verde provided essential assistance and services for local inhabitants suffering from constant drought, poverty, and colonial neglect. In America early immigrants from the town of Praia on the island of Santiago organized the Holy Name Society in Boston. Men from this group traveled all over New England, especially during the Depression, to distribute clothes, food, or services. Antonia Sequeira remembers them helping her father to dig and plant a garden behind the family's house in Stratford. In the late 1930s and 1940s, communities established Cape Verdean social clubs which still flourish, a direct continuation of the tabanka tradition. The concept of assistance for those in need continues in the regular Cape Verdean practice of sending oil drums packed with clothes and other American goods to families in the islands, especially during the frequent drought-related famines.

Separation from their homeland led many Cape Verdean immigrants to compose mornas, songs of great longing and sadness. Mornas remain beloved especially by the older generation who remember the reasons for composing them. Other traditional musical forms such as coladeira, mazurca, and samba are enjoying something of a revival among younger Cape Verdeans, while the African-influenced funana is wildly popular on the contemporary club scene. Playing instruments, singing, dancing, and drumming still happen spontaneously at festivals and social gatherings. Despite the cold of a Connecticut winter, some hardy musicians go door to door in Waterbury, Bridgeport, and Stratford, performing canta reis, the traditional New Year serenades. Cape Verdean wakes sometimes feature the choroguiza, a chant lamenting the deceased. The tradition of sending verbal messages via packet boats to families back in the island kept immigrants in touch across the ocean. The popular coladeira Rozinha is a mantenha, a message to Rozinha from her lover working abroad, asking her to wait a year until he can return to marry her. Connecticut musicians such as Jorge Job have been composers of mornas and other Cape Verdean song styles, while the Waterbury community maintain the repicar de tambor, a drumming and dance tradition practiced at the Festa de Sao Joao in June.

The project and the collected archive materials include many examples of locally composed and performed music, along with interviews with musicians and culture bearers and photographs, videos, and other recordings of them.


Additional materials exist in the CCHAP archive.


Cataloging Note: This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services MA-245929-OMS-20.
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